Activated carbon is a specially treated carbon that heats organic raw materials (nut shells, coal, wood, etc.) in the absence of air to reduce non-carbon components (this process is called carbonization), and then reacts with gas, the surface is covered with air. Erosion, resulting in a microporous structure (this process is called activation). Since the activation process is a microscopic process, that is, the surface erosion of a large number of molecular carbides is point erosion, so the activated carbon surface has numerous tiny pores. Most of the micropore diameters on the surface of activated carbon are between 2 and 50 nm. Even a small amount of activated carbon has a huge surface area. The surface area of each gram of activated carbon is 500 to 1500 m2. Almost all applications of activated carbon are based on this feature of activated carbon.

 Activated carbon is prepared from carbon-containing raw materials such as wood, coal and petroleum coke through pyrolysis and activation processing. It has developed pore structure, large specific surface area and abundant surface chemical groups, and has strong specific adsorption capacity. A general term for carbon materials. It is usually powder or granular porous amorphous carbon with strong adsorption capacity. It is made of solid carbonaceous substances (such as coal, wood, hard nut shells, fruit pits, resins, etc.) under the condition of isolating air through high temperature carbonization at 600 ~ 900 ° C, and then at 400 ~ 900 ° C with air, carbon dioxide, water vapor or The mixed gas of the three is obtained after oxidation activation. 

 Carbonization volatilizes substances other than carbon, and oxidative activation can further remove residual volatile substances, generate new and expand original pores, improve the microporous structure, and increase activity. Carbon activated at low temperature (400°C) is called L-carbon, and carbon activated at high temperature (900°C) is called H-carbon. H-char must be cooled in an inert atmosphere, otherwise it will transform into L-char. The adsorption performance of activated carbon is related to the chemical properties and concentration of the gas during oxidative activation, activation temperature, activation degree, the composition and content of inorganic substances in activated carbon and other factors, and mainly depends on the properties of the activated gas and activation temperature. The carbon content, specific surface area, ash content of activated carbon and pH value of its aqueous suspension all increased with the increase of activation temperature. 

The higher the activation temperature, the more complete the volatilization of the residual volatile substances, the more developed the microporous structure, and the greater the specific surface area and adsorption activity. 

 The ash composition and content in activated carbon have a great influence on the adsorption activity of carbon. The ash content is mainly composed of K2O, Na2O, CaO, MgO, Fe2O3, Al2O3, P2O5, SO3, Cl-, etc. The ash content is related to the raw materials for preparing activated carbon, and, with the removal of volatiles in the carbon, the ash content in the carbon increases. big. 

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