Activated Carbon Cleaning Operation for Newly Installed Water Treatment Plants

I. Material Introduction
Coal-based granular activated carbon is made from high-quality anthracite and bituminous coal through processes such as pulverizing, briquetting, carbonizing, activation, and screening. The product features a developed porous structure, ultra-high specific surface area, strong adsorption capacity, fast decolorization and deodorization, high abrasion resistance, and long service life. It is widely used in various industries such as food decolorization and refinement, drinking water treatment, pharmaceutical preparation, petroleum and chemical refining, steel industry desulfurization, tobacco, fine chemical decolorization, and environmental protection industries for water and air treatment.

II. Main Characteristics of the Material

· Appearance: Black, irregular particles

· Iodine adsorption value: 800-1050 mg/g

· Abrasion resistance: 95%-97%

· Non-toxic, tasteless, and harmless

· Note: Can be customized according to specific customer requirements

III. Usage Notes
Coal-based granular activated carbon is deeply activated with high-temperature steam, which results in a rich surface functional group. It effectively removes residual chlorine, organic compounds, disinfection by-products, color, and turbidity in water. When using activated carbon in water treatment, the following precautions should be observed:

1. Ensure safety during the filling process and take necessary precautions. If working at height, follow relevant high-altitude work regulations or factory management rules.

2. During the filling process, wear protective goggles and a mask to prevent carbon dust from entering the eyes, mouth, or nose. If carbon dust accidentally enters, rinse with clean water.

3. When opening packaging for filling, it is recommended to manually open the packaging and remove the packaging strings. This prevents the packaging line ends, inner lining, etc., from entering the container and causing blockage in pipes or pumps. If water flow is insufficient, check if the pump is blocked.

4. After the coal-based granular activated carbon is filled, pre-treatment of the activated carbon is required before use. The specific process is as follows:

o After the activated carbon has been fully filled in the filter, soak the carbon layer with clean water (filter pool water), with the water level 10-50 cm below the outlet weir, for 24-36 hours. After soaking, perform a 10-15 minute air wash, followed by a 10-15 minute water wash. Repeat this operation at least three times until the water running out of the filter is clear.

Precautions:

o Air and water washing should be carried out separately, not simultaneously, to prevent loss of activated carbon.

o The pH value of new activated carbon is generally 8-10. After 1-2 weeks of use, the pH value should be between 6-8. If there are specific pH requirements for the process, after backwashing, fill clean water to a level 10-15 cm above the carbon layer, and soak in 3%-5% industrial hydrochloric acid for 12-24 hours. Afterward, discharge the waste acid and perform a forward wash using the water entering the activated carbon filter. The process is complete when the pH values of the inlet and outlet water match.

Note: Due to varying water quality in different regions, the outlet pH value may be slightly alkaline. If the application is not in food or pharmaceutical industries, this will generally not affect normal use, and no treatment is necessary.

IV. Factors Affecting the Formation of Biological Membranes in Activated Carbon Filters

1. Chlorine

Chlorine in the raw water inhibits the growth of microorganisms, which is detrimental to the formation and growth of biological membranes.

2. Ambient Temperature

The O3-BAC (ozone-biological activated carbon) process typically requires an ambient temperature above 10°C to facilitate the formation of biological membranes.

3. pH Value

pH is closely related to the life activities and metabolism of microorganisms. Most microorganisms thrive in neutral or weakly alkaline conditions. The optimal pH for aerobic microorganisms is between 6.5 and 8.5. During the membrane formation period, the pH of the filter inlet and outlet water should remain stable at 7-8, which is ideal for microbial growth and reproduction.

4. Dissolved Oxygen

Adequate dissolved oxygen is essential for the growth and reproduction of aerobic microorganisms, and the efficiency of oxygenation is positively correlated with the growth of aerobic microorganisms. The presence of a biological membrane hinders the transfer of dissolved oxygen, thus inhibiting the growth of nitrifying bacteria. To ensure smooth nitrification, it is important to maintain a high concentration of dissolved oxygen in the liquid phase to promote the growth of aerobic microorganisms and shorten the membrane formation time. During the membrane formation period, appropriate aeration should be applied to maintain a dissolved oxygen concentration of around 5 mg/L, which can accelerate the growth and reproduction of aerobic microorganisms.

Factors such as chlorine, temperature, pH value, and dissolved oxygen all have an impact on the biological membrane formation of activated carbon. Proper aeration can enhance the dissolved oxygen concentration in the water, maintaining an aerobic environment in the carbon filter and shortening the biological membrane formation time.

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